|
Post by vgambler33 on Jan 9, 2006 23:20:52 GMT -5
Genetic heterogeneity among the Negroid and Arab tribes of the Sudan.
Tay JS, Saha N.
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore.
Genetic distance analysis was carried out among seven tribes of the Sudan comprising three Negroid (Nuba, Fur, and Nilotes) and four Arab tribes (Beja, Gaalin, Hawazma, and Messeria) on the basis of six polymorphic loci (ABO and Rhesus blood groups; haemoglobin and red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; serum haptoglobin and transferrin polymorphisms) controlling 21 alleles and compared with the Arab and Negroid populations in neighbouring countries. The Nuba and Nilotes have been found to have Negroid genetic characteristics, while the Fur are intermediate between the Arabs and Negroids. The Beja and Gaalin tribes have more pronounced Arab genetic characteristics than the Hawazma and Messeria, who have a great deal of Negroid admixture.
PMID: 3414791 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
|
Post by vgambler33 on Jan 9, 2006 23:22:11 GMT -5
Some blood genetic markers of the Nuba and Hawazma tribes of western Sudan.
Bayoumi RA, Saha N.
Two hundred eighty subjects comprising 112 Nuba and 168 Hawazma of the Sudan were tested for the distribution of hemoglobins, eight red cell enzymes, and four serum proteins. The Nuba, the indigenous negroid tribe, had no HbS, HbO-Arab, or GdB(Khartoum) compared to the Hawazma tribe of Negro-Arab descent. The gene frequencies of the above polymorphic systems in the latter were as follows: HbS, 0.13; HbO-Arab, 0.01; GdB(Khartoum), 0.03. The frequency of GdA was higher in the Hawazma than in the Nuba. A high frequency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and HpO was present in both the tribes. Essentially similar gene frequencies of Hp1, TfD, PGDC, pC, and PGM1 were observed in both Nuba and Hawazma. The average heterozygosity at five polymorphic loci was the same (0.23) in both the tribes. The above results agree with the social practice whereby people of mixed Hawazma and Nuba descent are considered members of the Hawazma tribe and confirm that racial admixture between the two groups can be seen as a process of gene flow from the Nuba to the Hawazma, even though the Nuba are the indigenous group, while the Hawazma are the new settlers.
PMID: 3475983 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
|
Post by vgambler33 on Jan 9, 2006 23:22:46 GMT -5
The inter- and intra-tribal distribution of red cell G6PD phenotypes in Sudan.
Saha N, Samuel AP, Omer A, Hoffbrand AV.
1,416 males and 564 female subjects from four Negroid and five Arab tribes and a group of mixed tribes of the Sudan were investigated for the phenotypic distribution of red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by starch gel electrophoresis. In general, the tribes of Negroid origin had higher frequency of GdA compared to the tribes of Arab ancestry. However, the Nilotes showed a lower frequency of GdA allele and the Mahass tribe claiming an Arab origin had a higher frequency of GdA. The immigrant groups from the neighbouring African countries also had a higher frequency of GdA. GdB (Khartoum) was present in low frequencies in both the Arab and Negroid tribes. A great deal of intratribal variation in the phenotypic distribution of G6PD was observed in the Nuba and Gaali tribes from different localities.
PMID: 6840777 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
|
Post by vgambler33 on Jan 9, 2006 23:24:29 GMT -5
Some blood genetic characteristics of several Sudanese tribes.
Saha N, el Seikh FS.
The distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood groups, serum haptoglobin, and transferrin; red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase; and hemoglobin was studied among the two aboriginal negroid tribes (Nuba and Fur); the Nilotic tribe; five tribes of Arab ancestory; and a mixed group of other minor tribes of Arab origin. The Nilotic and Nuba tribes were genetically quite distinct from the rest, with lower R1, R2, and r in the Rhesus system and low HbS and Gd-. The Arab tribes had a genetic structure which was intermediate between that of the original negroid population of the Sudan and the Arabs to the north. However, some of the Arab tribes had special genetical characteristics, e.g., Messeria had high TfD1; both Messeria and Hawazma had high HbS and Gd-, while GdA was higher only in the Hawazma. The Gaalin had very low HbS, Ro, GdA, and Gd-, suggestive of less negroid admixture compared to Messeria and Hawazma. The Fur, though an aboriginal negroid tribe, had genetic characteristics similar to Arabs.
PMID: 3113266 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
barre
New Member
Posts: 44
|
Post by barre on Jan 10, 2006 6:51:42 GMT -5
Arent the Beja Northern Cushites. They may have recent arab admixture but they are still cushites.
|
|
|
Post by gambin on Jan 10, 2006 9:39:33 GMT -5
Hmm. Anyone know where I can find some pictures of the Mahass tribes? I tried looking; no luck.
|
|
|
Post by Planet Asia on Jan 10, 2006 9:51:24 GMT -5
Some of those tribes called Arabs are actually blacks.
|
|
|
Post by magneto on Jan 10, 2006 10:13:42 GMT -5
There is a Somali/Cushitic looking Beja(these types are famous for their huge Afro puffs) and there is an Arab looking beja A beja poster from another site said the reason there are Arab looking bejas is because they have admixture from mixing with Arabs,Egyptians and I think Turkish people.
|
|
sadiq
New Member
Posts: 2
|
Post by sadiq on Jan 10, 2006 12:58:20 GMT -5
Hmm. Anyone know where I can find some pictures of the Mahass tribes? I tried looking; no luck. Mahas are Nubians. They basically look like Sudanese Arabs. Some of those tribes called Arabs are actually blacks. Maybe in terms of race, but in terms of culture afro-arab is a more appropriate term.
|
|
|
Post by Crimson Guard on Jan 10, 2006 13:06:34 GMT -5
Black is more of Social term and a bit mis-leading depending on what kindve context you use it in,like Bass their.
Race is a more complicated system as you have Negroids,Athiopoids ect.
|
|
|
Post by annienormanna on Jan 10, 2006 16:35:19 GMT -5
Genetics is best because we can follow a human line of fathers and their sons, mothers, and daughters, and hopefully when it becomes more affordable, the sons of mothers, and the daughters of fathers. Science is the proveable way of ascertaining physical attributes. Pure visiual typing based upon two dimensional images tells us nothing about cognitive abilities, physical strength and attributes that show strong survival capabilities. It's perceptual gestalt, so Race can be an Art. It is in the eyes of the beholder and beholders, some of whom may agree to see what they *want* to see. Yet, there's enough science to know that infants know what their mothers look like in utero. For many, it's just plain fun judging other peoples looks.
|
|
|
Post by annienormanna on Jan 10, 2006 16:48:58 GMT -5
Maybe in terms of race, but in terms of culture afro-arabs is a more appropriate term.You mean like Ali G?
|
|
|
Post by magneto on Jan 10, 2006 20:16:20 GMT -5
Black is more of Social term and a bit mis-leading depending on what kindve context you use it in,like Bass their. Race is a more complicated system as you have Negroids,Athiopoids ect. Those are subtypes not races.Sudanid,Nilotic,Sahelid etc..are subtypes the same way Dinaric,Borreby and Med etc.. are subtypes.
|
|
|
Post by Crimson Guard on Jan 13, 2006 6:48:09 GMT -5
Their also can be considered Races. East African type is considered a Caucasoid sub-race not Negroid I think by the way.
|
|
|
Post by Planet Asia on Jan 13, 2006 10:31:05 GMT -5
Their also can be considered Races. East African type is considered a Caucasoid sub-race not Negroid I think by the way. East africans are *NOT* a Caucasoid subtype, take that crap from racial reality website and flush it.
|
|