Map: Human Origins and Migrations

[NuSapiens]

nusapiens.blogspot.com/2005/03/map-human-origins-and-migrations.html

[Igu]

Why is there an arrow from sub-saharan africa to northern africa? I thought the first homo-sapiens in north africa were Cromagnids and came from europe/middle east? in other words, why isn't there any arrow from middle east/europe to northern africa?

[NuSapiens]

Igu said:

Why is there an arrow from sub-saharan africa to northern africa? I thought the first homo-sapiens in north africa were Cromagnids and came from europe/middle east? in other words, why isn't there any arrow from middle east/europe to northern africa?

Check the methods. I made this rough map strictly based on heterozygosity. So I assumed more diversity = older population in a region. Most genetic evidence suggests an origin in Africa for modern humans, circa 200 thousand years ago. Possibly (unproven) with a little admixture from local archaic sapiens. Cromagnons were much later.

I made some logical guesses based mostly on geography as to most probable route between locations. So for instance I assumed people traveled via the Sahel between Kenya and Nigeria. Click the link and I show the numbers I based the arrows on.

[Igu]

NuSapiens said:

Check the methods. I made this rough map strictly based on heterozygosity. So I assumed more diversity = older population in a region. Most genetic evidence suggests an origin in Africa for modern humans, circa 200 thousand years ago. Possibly (unproven) with a little admixture from local archaic sapiens. Cromagnons were much later.

I made some logical guesses based mostly on geography as to most probable route between locations. So for instance I assumed people traveled via the Sahel between Kenya and Nigeria. Click the link and I show the numbers I based the arrows on.

from where did you get the number .90 heterozygosity for north africans, and where did you read that there were homo sapiens in north africa 200 000 years ago?

[NuSapiens]

Igu said:

from where did you get the number .90 heterozygosity for north africans, and where did you read that there were homo sapiens in north africa 200 000 years ago?

I scaled the entire range of heterozygosity measures across all populations. In other words, I subtracted the lowest observed heterozygosity from the highest to find the range, and then for each observed value I subtracted its distance from the low then divided that difference by range. I did this because I originally wasn't sure what I was going to do with the numbers, and was going to make a clinal map at first.

So check original data to see actual measures of heterozygosity. E.g. measured heterozygosity of Kenyan Bantu was .782. This was scaled to .97 (1.0 was total of all Africans).

Since the map depends on relative and not absolute values, I left the relative values I calculated in the numerical reference map. The PDF I linked to has a table of all absolute measured values.

[Igu]

NuSapiens said:

I scaled the entire range of heterozygosity measures across all populations. In other words, I subtracted the lowest observed heterozygosity from the highest to find the range, and then for each observed value I subtracted its distance from the low then divided that difference by range. I did this because I originally wasn't sure what I was going to do with the numbers, and was going to make a clinal map at first.

So check original data to see actual measures of heterozygosity. E.g. measured heterozygosity of Kenyan Bantu was .782. This was scaled to .97 (1.0 was total of all Africans).

Since the map depends on relative and not absolute values, I left the relative values I calculated in the numerical reference map. The PDF I linked to has a table of all absolute measured values.

-Except Mozabite (a mixed race Berbers) there are no north africans in the table, and the funny thing is that Mozabite are -according to the pdf- "middle eastener".

-Berber have a very low heterozygosity, their Genes are very Homogeneous (eg of Y-dna: only 2 haplogroups prevail: E3b and J at a rate of 99%), it's impossible to get the heterozygosity of your map.

-There were no Homo sapiens before Cromagnoids in north africa, do not count Archaic hominids because their genes do not show in MtdDna and Ydna.