Indo-european similarities - examples

[Luctor]

Serbian: ' Da,majko,ja imam tri '
Russian: ' Da,mat,ja imeyu tri '
Czech: ' Ano,matko,mam tri '
English: ' Yes,mother,I have three '
German: ' Ja mutter,ich habe drei '
Icelandic: ' Ja modir,eh hefi thrja '
Swedish: ' Ja,moder,jag har tre '
French: ' Oui,mere j'en ai trois '
Spanish: ' Si,madre,yo tengo tres '
Romanian: ' Da,mama,eu am trei '

Interesting...

FATHER:

Sanskrit - PITAR
Greek and Latin - PATER
Old Irish - ATHIR
Serbian - OTAC
Tocharan - PACAR,PATAR

MOTHER:

Sanskrit - MATAR
Greek(Doric) and Latin - MATER
Old Irish - MATHIR
Tocharan - MAKAR,MATAR
Armenian - MAYR
Old Slavic - MATER
Serbian - MAJKA,MATER(archaic)

BROTHER:


Sanskrit - BHRATAR
Latin - FRATER
Old Irish - BRATHIR
Serbian - BRAT
Gothic - BROPAR
Old Slavic - BRATR
Armenian - ELBAYER
Tocharan - PRAKAR,PROKER

SISTER:

Sanskrit - SVASAR
Lithuanian - SESER
Old Slavic - SESTRA
Serbian - SESTRA
Latin - SOROR
Old Irish - SIUR
Gothic - SWISTAR
Armenian - KHOYER

SON:

Sanskrit - SINUH
Old Slavic - SIN
Serbian - SIN
Gothic and Lithuanian - SUNUS
Tocharian - SOYA

DAUGHTER:

Sanskrit - DUHITAR
Greek - THIGATER
Old Slavic - DSHTER
Lithuanian - DUKTER
Armenian - DUSTER
Gothic - DAUGHTAR
Tocharan - CKACER,TKACER
Serbian - KCER

Or this proverb (already posted in Thracian thread)...

'God gives tooths,God gives bread'

Sanskrit: 'Devas adadat datas,Devas dat dhanas'
Latin: 'Deus dedit dentes,Deus dabit panem'
Lithuanian: 'Dievas dave dantis,Dievas duos duonos'

Although English is Germanic,and Serbian is Slavic we can find tons of similarities...

Those are just few...

English-Milk,Serbian-Mleko
Eng-Divine,Ser-Divan
Eng-Will,Ser-Volja
Eng-Might,Ser-Moc
Eng-Water,Ser-Voda
Eng-Sun,Ser-Sunce
Eng-Moon,Ser-Mesec
Eng-Wind,Ser-Vetar
Eng-To be,Ser-Biti
Eng-Day,Ser-Dan
Eng-Night,Ser-Noc
Eng-Guest,Ser-Gost
Eng-Part,Ser-Parce
Eng-Sit,Ser-Sedeti
Eng-Stand,Ser-Stajati
Eng-Stone,Ser-Stena
Eng-Child,Ser-Celjade(archaic)
Eng-Nose,Ser-Nos
Eng-Eye,Ser-Oko
Eng-River,Ser-Reka
Eng-Leaf,Ser-List

Etc,Etc...

We can observe similarities between other IE languages as well,i have just put Serbian,becouse its my language offcourse...

[AWAR]

Ancient GAULISH language.
I only posted the most interesting words, and those most related to Serbian language )

aballo- (an apple) ( serbian: Yabuka, Yabolka )

are (before, at, on) [IE *par-, Greek para, Latin prae, OI ar] ( Serbian: Pre )

arganto-, argento- (silver) [IE *arg'- 'white, to shine']

ater (m) (father) [IE *pa'te'r 'a father']

aus (an ear) [Latin ausus] ( Serbian: Uho )

bagaudas (guerilla fighters) [OI ba'gaim 'I fight']-( Serbian: Borim )


beber, bibro- (a beaver) [IE *bebhro- 'a wild animal, a beaver'] ( Serbian: Dabar )

bel- (white; in Belenos, Belisama) [IE *bhel-, *bhal- 'white, to shine'] ( Serbian: Beo, Bel, Byel )

bitu- (world, life) [IE *gwei- 'to live', OI bith 'world'] ( Serbian: Biti )

briga (f) (a hill) ( Serbian: Brdo )

bri'ua (f) (a bridge) [Germanic *bro'wo', *bruwwi' 'a bridge', Old Church Slavonic brivno 'a log'] ( Serbian: Brvno )

caballos (m) (a working horse) (Serbian: Kobila )

cant- (an edge, a circle) [IE *kem- 'to cover', Welsh cant]

capt, coept (captured, taken; participle)

cauaros, cavarillus (a giant) [Welsh cawr, Cornish caur]

cervesia (f) (beer)

cintu-, cintus (first) [Latin recens 'fresh, young', Greek kainos 'new', Sanskrit kani'nas 'young', OI ce't, ce'tna]

courmi (a sort of beer) [Latin cremor 'dense juice', Russian korm 'forage', OI coirm 'beer']

crodio- (hard, difficult) ( Serbian: Krut )

dervo- (a tree) [IE *deru- 'a tree, wood'] ( Serbian: Drvo )

dibu e debu (to the gods and goddesses) [IE *deiwo- 'a deity']

divertomu (we turn; 1st pl. pres.) [IE *wer-t- 'to turn, to roll'] ( Serbian: Vrtimo )

doenti (they give; 3st pl. pres. Celtiberian) [IE *do'- 'to give']

doro (a mouth) [IE *dhwer- 'a door, a gate']

drungus (m) (a crowd) [OI drong]

dubi- (black) [IE *dhubh- 'to smoke', OI dub 'black']

du'la- (a leaf) [MI duille, Welsh dalen, Middle Breton del]

dumno- (world) [OI domun 'world']

dunum (n) (a fort) [Germanic *tu'na- 'town']

eimu (we go; 1st pl. pres.) [IE *ei- 'to go'] ( Serbian: Idemo )

essedum (a two-seat wagon) [IE sed- 'to sit', OI saidim 'I sit'] ( Serbian: Ja Sedam )

gabi (take!; 2nd sg. imp.) [IE *gebh-, OI gabaim 'I take', Gothic giban 'give', Lithuanian gabe'nti 'bring'] ( Serbian: Grabi )

giam- (a winter) [IE *gheim- 'winter'] ( Serbian: Zima )

glastu- (light blue) [Early Irish glass 'pale', Welsh, Old Welsh, Breton glas 'green', German glast 'sheen']

gobbo- (a mouth) [IE *gonbho- 'a ledge', Irish gob] ( Serbian: Gubitza )

inter (between) [IE *en-ter 'between']

iouin- (young) [IE *you-n- 'young'] ( Serbian: Yune )

isarno- (iron) [IE *esro-no- 'red, bloody metal'?; or IE *ayos-, *ayes- 'metal']

landa- (a field) [IE *lendh- 'open land', OI land]

legasit (he laid), lega' (laying; participle pres.) [OI lige 'a bed'] ( Serbian: Legao, Legnuti )

litano- (wide, broad) [IE *plotno- 'wide', OI lethan 'wide']

logan (a grave) [IE *legh- 'to lie'] ( Serbian: Legati, legnuti )

maponos (a son) [Ogham Irish maqq 'a son']

marvos (dead) [IE *mer-, *mor- 'to die'] ( Serbian: Mrtav, mreti, umreti, umor )

medios (medium) [IE *medhyo- 'medium, middle'] ( Serbian: Medju )

mesga (to mix) [IE *meik- 'to mix'] ( Serbian: Mesha )

more-, -mori- (a sea) [Latin mare, OI muir, Slavic/Serbian *more, Lithuanian marios]

novio- (new) [IE *newo- 'new'] ( Serbian: Novi )

ouindho-, vindo- (white) [IE *weid- 'to see', OI find] ( Serbian: Vid )

petri (four) [IE *kwetwores 'four'] ( Serbian: Chetri )

pinpetos (fifth) [IE *penkwe 'five'] ( Serbian: Peti )

ritu- (a ford) ( Serbian: Rt )

sapo- (soap)

sedlon (a saddle, a seat) [IE *sed- 'to sit', Slavic/Serbian*sedlo 'a saddle']


seno- (old) [IE *sen- 'old']

sistat (he stands, stays; 3st sg. pres. Celtiberian) [IE *sta'- 'to stand'] ( Serbian: Stati )

slug- (a servant) [Serbian *sluga 'a servant', Lithuanian slauga 'service', OI sluag 'an army unit']

suadu- (pleasant) [CC *sved- 'sweet', Latin suavis, English sweet] ( Serbian: Slad ( sladak ))

suextos, sextos (sixth) [IE *sweks 'six'] ( Serbian: Shesti)

trag- (a foot) [OI traig 'a foot'] ( Serbian: Trag )

tri (three) [IE *treyes, *tri 'three'] ( Serbian: Tri )

trougo- (unhappy) ( Serbian: Tuga )

uros (a bull)

uxello- (high) [IE *upo-s- 'above', Greek hypsi 'high', OI uas 'above', Polish/Serbian wysoki 'high']



ver (above) [Russian verh 'up, above', Latvian virsus 'up', Sanskrit vars.ma 'height', Latin verruca 'a rough', OI ferr 'better'] ( Serbian: Vrh )

[Dienekes]

In Greek "yes" is nai which is dissimilar to most IE languages, but oddly similar to Czech ano. I assume that most (all?) Slavic languages express negation with variants of nyet?

I wonder what is the affirmative in Hittite...

[Cyrus]

And in Persian "yes" is "Ari", It is also similar to Czech "Ano".

Similar letters in Indo-European languages:

P, F

Persian: Pa
German: Fuss
English: Foot
Latin: Pes
Greek: Pous
Sanskrit: Padah
IE: Ped

T, D

Persian: Tho
German: Du
English: Thou
Latin: Tu
Greek: Tu
Sanskrit: Tvam
IE: Tu

Persian: Dam
German: Zahmen (ts)
English: Tame
Latin: Domare
Greek: Damazo
Sanskrit: Damita
IE: Dam

K(C), H

Persian: Kaleh
German: Haupt
English: Head
Latin: Caput
Greek: Kephale
Sanskrit: Kapalam
IE: Kap

G, K(C)

Persian: Gen
German: Kind
English: Kin
Latin: Genus
Greek: Genos
Sanskrit: Ganah
IE: Gen

Persian: Gam
German: Kommen
English: Come
Latin: Venire ?
Greek: Baine ?
Sanskrit: Gamati
IE: Gwen

B, F

Persian: Bord
German: Bahre
English: Bear
Latin: Ferre
Greek: Phero (f)
Sanskrit: Bharami
IE: Bher

G, W

Persian: Garm
German: Warm
English: Warm
Latin: Forums (w)
Greek: Thermos ?
Sanskrit: Gharmah
IE: Gwerm

V, W

Persian: Vida
German: Witz
English: Wit
Latin: Videre
Greek: (W)eidos
Sanskrit: Vede
IE: Weid

[AWAR]

Welcome Cyrus!

[HINDI]

Russian words with sanskrit roots

Moscow - pronounced MOSKVA=Moksha
Knowledge-Vedat'=veda
Russia=Rossiya=Rishiya (land of rishis)
Sveta=girl's name=Sweta
Nikita
Ira
Roma
Svarog=Old russian god=brahma
Soma= Old russian god= soma
Varuna=Old russian god of water= varuna


etc... many words which closely correspond to sanskrit root words


There is lots of probable synonyms in Rus.:

people: narod - nara
good: horoSij - xriimant
2/3/4/5/6/10/100: dva/tri/cetbIre/pyat/Sest/desyat/sto
both: oba - ubha
1st p./2nd p. plural: nas/vas
this/that: etot/tot - etad/tad ('e' in etad may be original.)
whole: vesh - vishva
be: bbI - bhu
eat: es - ad
lead: nes - ni
drink: pi - paa
give: da -daa
carry: vez - vah
die: umer - mri
find: iska - iS


The grammar structure of slavic languages is very similar to sanskrit (these are complex and precise languages with huge vocabularies). There are similarities between words used to indicate numbers from 0 to 10 such as (here in Polish, another slavic language):
dvi - dva
tri - trzi
catur - chtery
panc - pienc

..and Brahma was worshipped by Slavs untill 12th century (at least) as god with four heads / faces, and was called Sveta-vid (one who sees or knows the entire world)

Sanskrit is also closely related to Greek :
www.friesian.com/cognates.htm

Sanskrit and the Baltic people:
postilla.mch.mii.lt/Kalba/baltai.en.htm

Sanskrit sunus son - Lith. sunus;
Sanskrit viras man - Lith. vyras;
Sanskrit avis sheep - Lith. avis;
Sanskrit dhumas smoke - Lith. dumas;
Sanskrit padas sole - Lith. padas.

[Luctor]

Sanskrit- 'TA TWAM ASI'
Serbian- 'TO TI SI' or 'TI SI TO'
English- 'THAT IS YOU'


Or...
Sanskrit- AGNI
Serbian-OGANJ
Latin-IGNIS
English-FIRE