Native American genocide

[LordofDiscipline]

The Sand Creek Massacre
Southern Cheyenne
November 29, 1864



Colorado Territory during the 1850's and 1860's was a place of phenomenal growth spurred by gold and silver rushes. Miners by the tens of thousands had elbowed their way into mineral fields, dislocating and angering the Cheyennes and Arapahos. The Pike's Peak Gold Rush in 1858 brought the the tension to a boiling point. Tribesmen attacked wagon trains, mining camps, and stagecoach lines during the Civil War, when the military garrisons out west were reduced by the war. One white family died within 20 miles of Denver. This outbreak of violence is sometimes referred to as the Cheyenne-Arapaho War or the Colorado War of 1864-65.

Governor John Evans of Colorado Territory sought to open up the Cheyenne and Arapaho hunting grounds to white development. The tribes, however, refused to sell their lands and settle on reservations. Evens decided to call out volunteer militiamen under Colonel John Chivington to quell the mounting violence.

Evans used isolated incidents of violence as a pretext to order troops into the field under the ambitious, Indian-hating territory military commander Colonel Chivington. Though John Chivington had once belonged to the clergy, his compassion for his fellow man didn't extend to the Indians.




In the spring of 1864, while the Civil War raged in the east, Chivington launched a campaign of violence against the Cheyenne and their allies, his troops attacking any and all Indians and razing their villages. The Cheyennes, joined by neighboring Arapahos, Sioux, Comanches, and Kiowas in both Colorado and Kansas, went on the defensive warpath.
Evans and Chivington reinforced their militia, raising the Third Colorado Calvary of short-term volunteers who referred to themselves as "Hundred Dazers". After a summer of scattered small raids and clashes, white and Indian representatives met at Camp Weld outside of Denver on September 28. No treaties were signed, but the Indians believed that by reporting and camping near army posts, they would be declaring peace and accepting sanctuary.
Black Kettle was a peace-seeking chief of a band of some 600 Southern Cheyennes and Arapahos that followed the buffalo along the Arkansas River of Colorado and Kansas. They reported to Fort Lyon and then camped on Sand Creek about 40 miles north.
Shortly afterward, Chivington led a force of about 700 men into Fort Lyon, and gave the garrison notice of his plans for an attack on the Indian encampment. Although he was informed that Black Kettle has already surrendered, Chivington pressed on with what he considered the perfect opportunity to further the cause for Indian extinction. On the morning of November 29, he led his troops, many of them drinking heavily, to Sand Creek and positioned them, along with their four howitzers, around the Indian village.
Black Kettle ever trusting raised both an American and a white flag of peace over his tepee. In response, Chivington raised his arm for the attack. Chivington wanted a victory, not prisoners, and so men, women and children were hunted down and shot.
With cannons and rifles pounding them, the Indians scattered in panic. Then the crazed soldiers charged and killed anything that moved. A few warriors managed to fight back to allow some of the tribe to escape across the stream, including Black Kettle.
The colonel was as thourough as he was heartless. An interpreter living in the village testified, "THEY WERE SCALPED, THEIR BRAINS KNOCKED OUT; THE MEN USED THEIR KNIVES, RIPPED OPEN WOMEN, CLUBBED LITTLE CHILDREN, KNOCKED THEM IN THE HEAD WITH THEIR RIFLE BUTTS, BEAT THEIR BRAINS OUT, MUTILATED THEIR BODIES IN EVERY SENSE OF THE WORD." By the end of the one-sided battle as many as 200 Indians, more than half women and children, had been killed and mutilated.
While the Sand Creek Massacre outraged easterners, it seemed to please many people in Colorado Territory. Chivington later appeared on a Denver stage where he regaled delighted audiences with his war stories and displayed 100 Indian scalps, including the pubic hairs of women.
Chivington was later denounced in a congressional investigation and forced to resign. When asked at the military inquiry why children had been killed, one of the soldiers quoted Chivington as saying, "NITS MAKE LICE." Yet the after-the-fact reprimand of the colonel meant nothing to the Indians.
As word of the massacre spread among them via refugees, Indians of the southern and northern plains stiffened in their resolve to resist white encroachment. An avenging wildfire swept the land and peace returned only after a quarter of a century.

www.lastoftheindependents.com/sandcreek.htm

[LordofDiscipline]

The Bear River Massacre
Shoshone
January 29, 1863



Washington Territory The peaceful Shoshone camp was attacked at dawn by Colonel Patrick Edward O'Connor and his militia from Salt Lake City, UT. The Bear River camp was in Washington Territory. Not even a part of the territory O'Connor was sent to watch and protect pony express riders and telegraph lines. O'Connor also brought howitzers, but the snows were to deep. It was this bit of luck that allowed a few Shoshone to escape. Only a very few did escape. 55,000 bullets were used to kill a sleepy camp of about 300. A two year old survivor, son of Chief Sagwitch had seven bullets pass through and into his little body. The Shoshone tried desperately to live in peace with the white settlers. They never posed a great threat like the Comanche and Apache. It seems the more peaceful the tribe, the more bloody the massacre. Bullies always pick on the peaceful. Chief Washakie led his people to the Wind River. It was a place to keep his people safe from the encroaching settlers. These mountains were not suitable for farming. He was a great chief, but only the warrior chiefs of the Lakota, Apache, and Comanche are remembered. This massacre also took place during the Civil War. The massacre was conducted not by trained military, but violent and most times drunken militia. Like Sand Creek, the militia broke the arms and legs of women so they couldn't fight back while they were raped. Bayonets cut open the wombs of pregnant women and pulled out the fetus. Some of the militia wrapped the fetus around their hats as war trophies. After the women were raped the militia men split their skulls open with hatchets. Babies and Toddlers were grabbed and their heads bashed against trees. Chief Bear Hunter was beaten, kicked, stripped and whipped bloody. When he did not cry out in pain or anguish to his tormenters, a soldier heated his bayonet and ran it through Bear Hunter's ears. O'Connor then let his men pillage anything that was left to take. Anything the militia could not steal and plunder was put to the torch including the last of food staples for any survivors. The handful of survivors lived because some of the Mormons did feel guilt. They sheltered them and fed them until the Shoshone could make their way to other camps, including Washakie's haven in the Wind River.


www.lastoftheindependents.com/bearriver.htm

[LordofDiscipline]

The Wounded Knee Massacre



December 29, 1890




An Introduction
by Lorie Liggett



The Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 (which was originally referred to by the United States army as the Battle of Wounded Knee -- a descriptive moniker that remains highly contested by the Native American community) is known as the event that ended the last of the Indian wars in America. As the year came to a close, the Seventh Cavalry of the United States Army brought an horrific end to the century-long U.S. government-Indian armed conflicts.


On the bone-chilling morning of December 29, devotees of the newly created Ghost Dance religion made a lengthy trek to the Pine Ridge Reservation in southwestern South Dakota to seek protection from military apprehension. Members of the Miniconjou Sioux (Lakota) tribe led by Chief Big Foot and the Hunkpapa Sioux (Lakota) followers of the recently slain charismatic leader, Sitting Bull, attempted to escape arrest by fleeing south through the rugged terrain of the Badlands. There, on the snowy banks of Wounded Knee Creek (Cankpe Opi Wakpala), nearly 300 Lakota men, women, and children -- old and young -- were massacred in a highly charged, violent encounter with U.S. soldiers. The memory of that day still evokes passionate emotional and politicized responses from present-day Native Americans and their supporters. The Wounded Knee Massacre, according to scholars, symbolizes not only a culmination of a clash of cultures and the failure of governmental Indian policies, but also the end of the American frontier. Although it did bring an end to the Ghost Dance religion, it did not, however, represent the demise of the Lakota culture, which still thrives today.

www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKIntro.html

[LordofDiscipline]

AMERICAN HOLOCAUST

(*footnote for our Jewish friends concerning the word "HOLOCAUST")

GENOCIDE AGAINST NATIVE AMERICANS

HISTORY: THE CALIFORNIA STORY

A Native survivor of the California terrorist attacks relates her experience:


"About ten o'clock in the morning, some white men came. They killed my grandfather and my mother and father. I saw them do it. I was a big girl at that time. Then they killed my baby sister and cut her heart out and threw it in the brush where I ran and hid...I didn't know what to do. I was so scared that I guess I just hid there a long time with my little sister's heart in my hands."



The 1849 agreement between California territorial and federal governments provided $1,000,000 for the arming and supply of persons who would seek out and destroy Native American families. The campaign promised all "plunder" and horses taken from the Indians which will be the vigilante's bonus.

THIS IS HOW CALIFORNIA WAS BUILT

Only in America do they take the memory of all dead children so brutally killed and make them into mascots.



"REDSKINS"

Not even the sons of Nazis make the dead Jewish children into mascots.



*footnote on the word "HOLOCAUST"- We are quite aware of the objections to the word being used to describe any genocide except that of Nazi hatred for Jews in the mid 20th century. This is a terrible time in history and should never be forgotten or minimized. We do not minimize it. If you want to turn your back on our message and common heritage of suffering you will find any reason for it and this word will not matter. We use HOLOCAUST because the world has seen the photographs of European hatred for Europeans that are still surfacing and know in small parts what the Jewish HOLOCAUST means. Only when white people exterminated each other did the language of genocide begin to be defined, they did not care to discuss it when black and red peoples were the victims.

But, remember that Hitler no longer registers Jews to kill you off because of your spiritual and cultural heritage. However the United States still registers Native Americans in order to exterminate them. The law of enrollment is a genocidal law of extinction directed at the children of Native Americans. Those who marry outside their race or tribe will have children who are no longer given the acknowledgment of being of their parent's tribe. Their children and their family line forever will loose their tribal membership unable to participate in that group. We wonder how long and loud the screams of objection would carry throughout America if only registered Jews were allowed to pass their inheritance on to their children. Now you can see the hypocrisy which guides America.

Registered/enrolled Native Americans are forced to marry inside their tribe or face the extinction of their tribe and the termination of all things connected to that tribe. Native Americans are forced to be racist against all others never loving or marrying another or they become extinct as a people. After a decade of work this was the failed goal of Hitler, but it still remains the goal of America after centuries. Even after Native American veterans lifted the Star of David from the ashes so it could flourish again.

We do not demean your struggle and have to date been silent, even when we see American history has recorded Jews profiting greatly in the genocide of Native Americans. We ask your help to stop this genocide against us. This is why we say HOLOCAUST, part of the RED HOLOCAUST in hideous union with the BLACK HOLOCAUST. Africans destroyed and enslaved to work the land taken by the annihilation of the Native American is the European doubled edged sword of destruction. ENROLLMENT is in truth NATIVE AMERICAN EXTINCTION and if you are an American it is your burden to answer for.

So we ask any Jew who resides in the United States who does not want our mutual heritage of the last half of this century and the previous 500 years to mix and objects to the words AMERICAN HOLOCAUST being used to describe the extermination of Native Americans to please supply us another word. In this way you can have the luxury of ignoring the HOLOCAUST in your own country against another people. In this way people will not hear HOLOCAUST and confuse Jews and Native Americans and ask you why you maintain a separate standard of dignity for your history while you ignore and participate in the genocide of Native Americans right under you own nose?

Will you speak out and defend the Native American children as their parents have defended your people in the War that ended the Jewish HOLOCAUST then established the State of Israel. Native Americans continue to support Israel through the agent of the United States Government but what have we received from Jews?

We receive silence and more of THE NATIVE AMERICAN EXTERMINATION.

YOUR HOLOCAUST HAS ENDED WHEN WILL OURS?

www.iwchildren.org/calif.htm

[anodyne]

eh, to sum this all up. There are more "native" Americans roaming around in North America than when the white man arrived. Also, anyone who can prove to be more than 25% North American Amerindian gets benefts galore. I know because my girlfriend is half Lakota. So stop bitching.

[LordofDiscipline]

anodyne said:

eh, to sum this all up. There are more "native" Americans roaming around in North America than when the white man arrived. Also, anyone who can prove to be more than 25% North American Amerindian gets benefts galore. I know because my girlfriend is half Lakota. So stop bitching.

Pale skinned, light eyed mongrels not real natives...pale skin repulsive like the white man ways....get out !!!

[anodyne]

roaddog said:

anodyne said:

eh, to sum this all up. There are more "native" Americans roaming around in North America than when the white man arrived. Also, anyone who can prove to be more than 25% North American Amerindian gets benefts galore. I know because my girlfriend is half Lakota. So stop bitching.

Pale skinned, light eyed mongrels not real natives...pale skin repulsive like the white man ways....get out !!!

Take a DNA test and then get back to me.

[LordofDiscipline]

anodyne said:

roaddog said:

Pale skinned, light eyed mongrels not real natives...pale skin repulsive like the white man ways....get out !!!

Take a DNA test and then get back to me.

White man didn't massacre pale skins so pale skin natives not real natives...pale skin liars and cheaters, they broke every treaty they made with us...treacherous people.

[LordofDiscipline]

Gold, Greed & Genocide
the untold impacts of the Gold Rush on native communities and the environment Full report online at
www.1849.org

Read more about the impact of Gold Rush on Environment. Back to Gold, Greed and Genocide introduction.

Impact on the Native Americans
"The bulk of California's Indians were conquered, and died, in innumerable little episodes rather than in large campaigns ... it serves to indict not a group of cruel leaders, or a few squads of rough soldiers, but in effect, an entire people; for the conquest of the Native Californian was above all else a popular, mass, enterprise" -- Jack Forbes, contemporary native historian.

The Gold Rush incited ambushes, massacres and deliberate extermination campaigns of native peoples in Calfornia. Some key statistics include the following:

Indigenous impact of the Gold Rush in California

Estimated native population before 1848 gold rush: 150,000

Estimated native population in 1870: 31,000

Estimated native population killed by new diseases brought by gold rush settlers: 60%

Price for native American severed head in Shasta in 1855: $5

Price for native American scalp in Honey Lake in 1863: 25 cents

California state government reimbursement for scalping missions in 1851: $1,000,000

Estimated number of native American children sold: 4,000

Price for young boys : up to $60

Price for young girls : up to $200

Estimated value of gold dug up during gold rush in California: 24.3 million ounces (1848 - 1857)

Estimated value of gold at 1998 gold prices: $6.9 billion (at $285 an ounce)
In 1860 the Alta California reported a massacre conducted by a Captain Jarboe among the Achomawi peoples of the north-east. "The attacking party rushed upon them, blowing out their brains, and splitting their heads open with tomahawks. Little children in baskets, and even babes, had their heads smashed to pieces or cut open. Mothers and infants shared the same phenomenon ... Many of the fugitives were chased and shot as they ran ... The children, scarcely able to run, toddled towards the squaw for protection, crying with fright, but were overtaken, slaughtered like wild animals, and thrown into piles. ... One woman got into a pond hole, where she hid herself under the grass, with her head above water, and concealed her papoose on the bank in a basket. She was discovered and her head blown to pieces, the muzzle of the gun being placed against her skull and the child was drowned in the pond."

Amount of US gold produced from traditional Western Shoshone lands: 50 percent
Gold production at McLaughlin mine owned by Homestake in Clear Lake, California : 186,000 ounces in 1996, sold at average prices of $362 an ounce or $67.332 million dollars
Average amount of waste rock produced for every ton of gol in 1997: 3 million tons
Estimated average amount of gold used for jewelry : 85 percent
Chief Tenaya of the Ah-wah-nee-chee asked US solidiers to leave them in peace: "We do not want anything from the white men. Our women are able to do our work, Go, then; let us remain in the mountains where we were born; where the ashes of our fathers have been given to the winds."

Learn more about the impact of the Gold Rush on Native Americans --
Read the Project Underground Gold Fact sheet, or follow the links to the following web page for the story of the Pomo peoples. Follow the links to the following web page for the current struggle of the Western Shoshone peoples or read the Sacramento Bee's excellent series on the state of California's Lost Tribes. Also check out the San Francisco Bay Guardian's article & editorial on the impact of the Gold Rush on Native Americans.


www.moles.org/ProjectUnderground/motherlode/gold/native.html

[LordofDiscipline]

Lindsay Glauner



excerpted from: Lindsay Glauner, The Need for Accountability and Reparation: 1830-1976 the United States Government's Role in the Promotion, Implementation, and Execution of the Crime of Genocide Against Native Americans , 51 DePaul Law Review 911-961, 911-917 (Spring 2002)(349 Footnotes)



The opposite of love is not hate; it's indifference.
The opposite of art is not ugliness; it's indifference.
The opposite of faith is not heresy; it's indifference.
The opposite of life is not death; it's indifference.
Because of indifference, one dies before one actually dies.
Elie Wiesel.



On September 8, 2000, the head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) formally apologized for the agency's participation in the "ethnic cleansing" of Western tribes. From the forced relocation and assimilation of the "sauvage" to the white man's way of life to the forced sterilization of Native Americans, the BIA set out to "destroy all things Indian." Through the exploration of the United States' Federal Indian policy, it is evident that this policy intended to "destroy, in whole or in part," the Native American population. The extreme disparity in the number of Native American people living within the United States' borders at the time Columbus arrived, approximately ten million compared to the approximate 2.4 million Indians and Eskimos alive in the United States today, is but one factor that illustrates the success of the government's plan of "Manifest Destiny."

No longer can we remain indifferent and justify these acts of genocide committed by the United States government, its agencies, and its personnel against Native Americans as a result of colonization or the need to establish a prosperous union. Instead, the United States government, its agencies, and those involved with carrying out the measures designed to inflict genocidal acts against the Native American population must be held in violation of customary international law, as well as conventional international law, as proscribed in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide Convention).

The term "genocide" was coined by Raphael Lemkin in 1944 and was derived from the Greek word genos, which means tribe or race, and the Latin word cide, which is commonly found in words such as homicide, infanticide, and fratricide. In his first enunciation of "genocide," Lemkin defined the term in two different ways: (1) "the practice of extermination of nations and ethnic groups as carried out by invaders" and (2) "[the] destruction of the national pattern of the oppressed group; the other, the imposition of the national pattern of the oppressor." Currently, "genocide" is commonly defined as "acts committed with intent to destroy in whole or in part a national, ethnical, racial or religious group."

The crime of "genocide" is recognized as one of the most heinous international crimes under customary international law. A practice is proscribed as a crime under customary international law through the existence of the following: (1) uniformity of state practice, (2) generality of state practice, and (3) the opinion that state practice is required by law. Customary international law also recognizes any crime that is universally condemned by the international community as a jus cogens international crime, which gives rise to obligations erga omnes. In accordance with customary international law, an obligation erga omnes requires a state party to extradite or prosecute perpetrators of these crimes found within its territory. Because the international community has universally condemned genocide, as evidenced in part by the ratification of the Genocide Convention, it has risen to the level of a jus cogens international crime. As a result, any individuals, agencies, or states that commit genocide must be held accountable.

On December 9, 1948, the United Nations General Assembly approved a draft of the Genocide Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide, and since then 135 states have ratified the Convention, including the United States. According to the Vienna Convention on the Laws of Treaties, conventions are binding and enforceable against all states that have signed and ratified the specific convention. Therefore, in accordance to Article IV of the Genocide Convention, which requires all parties to prosecute those charged with genocide, conspiracy to commit genocide, direct andpublic incitement to commit genocide, attempt to commit genocide, and complicity in genocide, regardless of their capacity as a ruler or public official, in a competent tribunal within the State where the crime took place or in a competent international tribunal that has proper jurisdiction over the case, any persons or agencies that commit acts of genocide within the territory of the United States must be held accountable for their crimes.

Even though the crime of genocide remains universally condemned by the international community, the United States government, its agencies, and its personnel have been effectively granted de facto immunity. The time has come to hold the perpetrators of these acts of genocide accountable and to formulate a system of reparation for the victims of these heinous international crimes, in order for the world, as well as the victims, to realize that justice does prevail in the international community.

This Comment will address the demise of Native Americans' livelihood, reproductive rights, and identity at the hands of the United States government, its agencies, and its personnel. Because the United States had a direct role in perpetrating genocidal acts against Native Americans, it must be held accountable for these acts. The international community must hold these agencies and persons responsible, and an apology and reparations must be awarded to Native Americans for their grave losses. While the need for reparations is clear, the method used to provide these reparations remains at issue.

Part II of this Comment will explore the evolution of the crime of genocide as proscribed under both customary and conventional international law.

Part II will also address how international law is applied in the United States, specifically the Convention on the Prevention and Prohibition of Genocide and customary international law.

Part III will explore the demise of Native Americans at the hands of the United States.

Part IV will analyze how the United States government, its agencies, and its personnel committed acts of genocide against Native Americans.

Part V will explore the implications of these acts of genocide on Native Americans today and the appropriate method of reparation.

In conclusion, Part VI will address the role of truth and justice in aiding the victims' healing process.





*As a Native American and being of twenty-five percent Native American blood, the stories of my ancestors inspired me to research the atrocities committed by the United States Government, its agencies, and its personnel against western Native Americans.

academic.udayton.edu/race/06hrights/GeoRegions/NorthAmerica/UnitedStates02.htm

Mongrel trying to speak for true natives...go back to Europe..

[anodyne]

roaddog said:

anodyne said:

Take a DNA test and then get back to me.

White man didn't massacre pale skins so pale skin natives not real natives...pale skin liars and cheaters, they broke every treaty they made with us...treacherous people.

Ten bucks says you live off the state in some way. That's very sad that white people are providing your needs and that of your family. Unlike you whites can't run to a reservation to get free medical treatment.

Funny that you would call her a mongrel. I'd like to see how many whites are in your family tree.

[LordofDiscipline]

anodyne said:

roaddog said:

White man didn't massacre pale skins so pale skin natives not real natives...pale skin liars and cheaters, they broke every treaty they made with us...treacherous people.

Ten bucks says you live off the state in some way. That's very sad that white people are providing your needs and that of your family. Unlike you whites can't run to a reservation to get free medical treatment.

Funny that you would call her a mongrel. I'd like to see how many whites are in your family tree.

Paleskins use massacre of real natives to get rich, but white man never massarced paleskin mongrels...paleskin natives are leeches and bloodsuckers.

[anodyne]

I'm not sure whether you're serious or a troll... probably the latter judging from your typing.

[metrosensual]

Does this 'LordofDiscipline' even speak English? He's 'decadence' with an alias anyway.